Review on Smart Grid Energy Distribution and Power System Management Using IoT Technology

Abstract

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the operation and management of modern smart grids by enabling real-time monitoring, efficient energy utilization, and improved fault detection. This paper presents a comprehensive review of IoT-enabled smart grid systems, focusing on communication infrastructures, architectures, enabling technologies, and applications. The integration of IoT with smart grids enhances bidirectional communication, demand-side management, and renewable energy integration, while supporting automation and intelligent decision-making. The review also highlights major challenges such as scalability, interoperability, latency, cybersecurity, and data privacy, which must be addressed to ensure reliable deployment. Various studies and recent technological innovations are discussed to examine how IoT contributes to the resilience, sustainability, and efficiency of power systems. Furthermore, potential solutions and future research directions are explored, including cloud computing, edge intelligence, and advanced communication protocols. This review provides insights into the current state of IoT-based smart grids and their role in building sustainable energy infrastructures.