Microwave Sensor for Water Quality Testing

Abstract

Water quality monitoring is vital to environmental sustainability, public health and industrial applications. Testing water quality requires laboratory analysis, which is both expensive and time-consuming. A cost-effective, real-time microwave sensing system for water quality assessment is presented in this study. We make use of various microwave resonators to measure water pollutants such as nitrates, phosphates and heavy metal substances, as well as pH levels. The suggested sensor array is capable of functioning at frequencies up to 1GHz to 10 GHz. The use of a GHz bandwidth allows for improved detection accuracy through broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Experimental evidence indicates that microwave sensing can detect and discriminate against a wide range of water contaminants with high sensitivity. This effort helps to develop compact, reusable and adaptable solutions for monitoring water quality.