Insights into IoT-Driven Smart Vending Machine Systems

Abstract

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with cashless payment systems has transformed the vending industry by making product purchase and delivery more convenient, secure, and efficient. Traditional vending machines primarily rely on physical cash, which not only limits flexibility but also raises hygiene concerns and operational challenges. The situation became more critical during the COVID-19 pandemic, where safe, contactless solutions became essential to reduce the risk of infection. In this context, IoT-enabled smart vending machines provide automated and hygienic transactions through mobile applications and digital wallets. This study outlines a smart vending framework that incorporates microcontrollers, Wi-Fi modules, cloud computing, and QR-based access to deliver a seamless user experience. Once a QR code is scanned, users can view products, make payments via a secure gateway, and instantly receive items from designated lockers. The system uses cloud platforms for transaction storage, real-time monitoring, and vendor management, ensuring smooth operations. Developed on a cost-effective embedded platform such as Arduino with ESP8266, the solution balances affordability with scalability. Beyond enhancing user satisfaction, these systems also reduce manpower requirements and ensure uninterrupted service. With applications in public spaces healthcare, and corporate environments, IoT-based vending machines represent a vital step in digital transformation and post-pandemic retail automation.