Energy-efficient street lighting system based on it and led technology

Abstract

Street lighting is an essential municipal service, but conventional dusk-to-dawn operation keeps luminaires at full output even when roads are empty, leading to avoidable energy use and maintenance expenditure. This methodology paper presents the design of a low-cost, energy-efficient street lighting system that combines light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires, an ESP32-class Internet of Things (IoT) controller, ambient-light sensing, motion detection, pulse-width-modulation dimming, and MQTT-based remote monitoring. The proposed control strategy uses the light-dependent resistor to identify day/night conditions and a passive infrared sensor to detect road users. At night, the luminaire is maintained at a safe reduced level and increases to full brightness for a configurable interval when movement is detected. Electrical status and operating data are transmitted to a web dashboard for supervision and fault indication. A prototype-level evaluation model of ten 30 W LED luminaires over a 12 h night indicates an estimated consumption of 2.18 kWh, including controller overhead, compared with 3.60 kWh for fixed-output LEDs and 8.40 kWh for 70 W conventional luminaires. This corresponds to approximately 39.3% savings over fixed-output LEDs and 74.0% over the conventional baseline. The design emphasizes inexpensive hardware, local fail-safe operation, scalable IoT communication, and practical deployment in residential streets, campuses, industrial estates, and low-traffic urban roads.