IoT-Based Animal Health Monitoring System

Abstract

Continuous monitoring of livestock and pet health is critical for preventing disease spread, reducing labor dependencies, and enhancing agricultural productivity. Traditional animal husbandry relies heavily on manual inspections, which frequently miss early indicators of systemic distress and lead to delayed therapeutic interventions. This research presents an integrated, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled non-invasive animal health and environmental monitoring framework. The system incorporates a multi-sensor array—comprising an LM35/DS18B20 body temperature sensor, an optical pulse/heart rate sensor, a DHT11 ambient temperature and humidity sensor, and an NMEA-based GPS tracking module interfaced with an ATmega328P processing platform (Arduino Uno/Nano). Telemetric data acquisition and cloud synchronization are accomplished using an ESP8266 Wi-Fi transceiver and a SIM-based GSM module, enabling real-time telemetry streaming to the ThingSpeak IoT platform and automated SMS alerting. Experimental validation across bovine and feline specimens demonstrated robust real-time tracking of vital physiological metrics (38.50℃–39.50℃ baseline body temperature; 48–84 BPM heart rate) alongside microclimatic parameters. The continuous data streaming architecture eliminates human oversight error, supports early disease diagnosis, and provides a scalable framework for precision livestock management.