IoT-Powered Aquaponics System for Enhanced Crop Yield and Fish Health : A Review

Abstract

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in aquaponics offers a modern, sustainable approach to farming by enhancing crop yield and fish health through real-time monitoring and automation. Using sensors to measure vital parameters like water level, pH, and temperature, the system ensures optimal environmental conditions. A centralized control unit processes this data and applies machine learning algorithms to automate essential functions such as water circulation, aeration, and nutrient delivery. This reduces human intervention while maximizing efficiency. The system promotes resource optimization by converting fish waste into nutrients for plants, creating a self-sustaining, closed-loop ecosystem. Compared to traditional farming, it significantly lowers water usage and eliminates the need for chemical fertilizers. While challenges include high initial costs and ongoing maintenance, the system's benefits—such as improved food security, reduced environmental impact, and increased productivity—make it a viable solution for the future of smart agriculture. This study explores its benefits, limitations, and real-world applications.