Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Through Meditation: A Review of Psychological and Cognitive Outcomes

Abstract

This review discusses the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in reducing stress, anxiety, and other mental disorders among adults. 25 peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2023 were studied by researchers. The studies involved a combination of patients such as students, working adults, and patients with some medical diseases. The most frequently used program was Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), typically 8 weeks. Wait-list controls or additional comparison groups were applied to cross-check the results. The effects were assessed using various instruments, such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and physical parameters like cortisol level. The majority of the studies applied a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design, whereas a few of them applied quasi-experimental or pilot designs. The findings decidedly prove that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) help in maintaining good mental health and achieving emotional balance. The current review places an emphasis on the growing need for mindfulness for public mental well-being.