Optimization of Cnc Turning Parameters for Improved Surface Finish and Tool Life

Abstract

This methodology paper presents a reproducible experimental framework for selecting CNC turning parameters that simultaneously reduce surface roughness and extend cutting-tool life. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are arranged in a three-level Taguchi L9 orthogonal array for dry turning of AISI 1045 steel with a coated-carbide insert. Arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) is measured using a stylus profilometer, while tool life is defined by ISO-style flank-wear and failure criteria. Signal-to-noise analysis and analysis of variance identify the main effects; regression equations quantify response trends; and grey relational analysis converts the conflicting responses into a single optimization index. A confirmation run is then used to compare the predicted optimum with the baseline condition. To demonstrate reporting and calculations without claiming unperformed experiments, the Results section uses an explicitly illustrative dataset. The worked example indicates that feed rate governs surface finish, whereas cutting speed has the strongest influence on tool life. The proposed procedure offers a compact, statistically defensible route for balancing quality and productivity in turning laboratories and small manufacturing units