A Comprehensive Review of Resource-Constrained Encryption Design with Hospital Information Systems: Security Models, Optimization Techniques, and Emerging Computing Applications

Abstract

The rapid digital transformation of hospital information systems (HIS) has significantly improved healthcare delivery by enabling real-time patient monitoring, electronic health record (EHR) management, and telemedicine services. However, it has also introduced critical security challenges, particularly in resource-constrained environments involving IoT-based medical sensors, wearable devices, and embedded systems. These devices require efficient encryption mechanisms that ensure data confidentiality without excessive computational overhead. Traditional cryptographic methods, although secure, often fail to meet these requirements due to high energy consumption and processing demands. This paper provides a comprehensive review of resource-constrained encryption design in HIS, focusing on security models, optimization techniques, and emerging computing applications. It examines recent research on lightweight cryptography, homomorphic encryption, and quantum-resistant frameworks tailored for healthcare systems. The study highlights key trade-offs between security strength, efficiency, and energy usage, and explores integration with technologies such as artificial intelligence, edge computing, and blockchain. While lightweight and hybrid encryption models enhance performance, challenges remain in achieving scalable, secure, and user-friendly solutions, indicating important directions for future research.