A Review of Temperature-Dependent Encryption Scaling in IoT Chipsets: Intelligent Modeling, Electronics Integration, and Real-World Applications

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to billions of interconnected devices operating under varying environmental conditions, where temperature fluctuations significantly affect the performance, reliability, and security of IoT chipsets. Encryption mechanisms, essential for ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication, are highly sensitive to hardware constraints such as power consumption, processing capability, and environmental stress. Temperature-induced variations in semiconductor behavior can influence encryption latency, energy efficiency, and error rates, thereby impacting overall system performance. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of temperature-dependent encryption scaling in IoT chipsets, focusing on intelligent modeling, hardware–electronics integration, and real-world applications. It highlights the limitations of traditional encryption methods in resource-constrained environments and emphasizes recent advancements such as adaptive encryption scaling, temperature-aware cryptographic design, lightweight algorithms, and hybrid approaches. Additionally, hardware-based primitives and emerging frameworks enhance security. However, challenges persist in balancing energy efficiency with robust security and in developing standardized, scalable solutions.