Advanced Electric Bicycles: Technologies and Innovations Overview

Abstract

The escalating demand for sustainable and economical personal transport necessitates innovative design in electric bicycles. This survey focuses on multi-charging hybrid electric bicycle systems that enhance range and efficiency by integrating multiple non-grid energy sources. The core charging methods explored include conventional AC wall charging, active regenerative braking to recover kinetic energy during deceleration, and the use of a dynamo or mechanical pedal power to generate supplemental charge. These systems utilize highly efficient Brushless DC (BLDC) motors and energy-dense Lithium-ion batteries for propulsion. The integration of mechanical energy recovery systems, such as flywheels for kinetic energy storage, significantly increases the vehicle's overall energy efficiency by minimizing wasted power. The primary goal of these designs is to reduce environmental impact and provide a practical, energy-independent transportation solution.