Smart Livestock Housing: An Automated Approach to Animal Safety and Microclimate Regulation

Abstract

Rapid developments in embedded electronics have enabled the construction of compact, affordable, and responsive sensing platforms. This work presents a self-regulating system aimed at sustaining a health-conducive habitat for cattle by dynamically managing thermal comfort, illumination, and intruder deterrence. A fogging unit actuated by DHT11-based temperature readings, along with ambient light regulation through LDR sensing and perimeter surveillance via ultrasonic and motion detection modules, forms the core of this framework. The entire platform is energized by photovoltaic panels supplemented with a battery reserve capable of sustaining at least twelve hours of uninterrupted service, thereby enabling round-the-clock autonomous operation.