Mapping the Brain with AI: A Comprehensive Survey of Techniques and Applications

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into neuroscience has significantly advanced the field of brain mapping. By leveraging machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, researchers can analyze complex neuroimaging data, model cognitive functions, and uncover neural patterns with unprecedented accuracy and scale. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of AI-driven brain mapping techniques, spanning imaging modalities, computational methods, and application domains. We review the state-of-the-art algorithms used in structural and functional brain mapping, discuss their implementation across various
imaging platforms, and explore key applications in disease diagnosis, cognitive neuroscience, and brain-computer interfaces. The paper also identifies current challenges and potential directions for future research in AI-based brain map.