Utilisation of nano materials(Al2O3 ,TiO2 ) in concrete to enhance multipurpose properties of concrete.

Abstract

This review paper examines the roles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) when incorporatedintoPortlandcement concrete. Both oxides, particularly in nano- and micro scale forms, have been reported to influence fresh and hardenedpropertiesof concrete, affecting hydration kinetics, microstructure refinement, mechanical strength, durability, and functional performancesuchasphotocatalytic self-cleaning and air purification. This paper synthesizes findings from experimental studies and meta-analyses, assessesmechanisms of action, evaluates practical considerations (dosage, dispersion, compatibility), and outlines future researchdirectionsandpotential applications. The review aims to provide a consolidated resource for researchers and practitioners interestedinadvancedfunctional concretes and sustainable infrastructure.