MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: CURRENT APPROACHES, GAPS AND SOLUTIONS

Abstract

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is the global problem and it has been facing by both developed
and developing countries. Increase in the population has more demand of resource consumption which further
generating a large amount of waste. The unsustainable waste management causing severe hazardous health and
environmental effects, which are more observe in developing countries i.e. India. In India, municipal solid waste ranges
between 0.3-0.6 kg per capita per day and it has been increasing annually at the rate of 1.33 percent per capita per day.
There are some gaps in managing the solid waste such as inefficient collection of waste is varying from city to city where
the door to door collecting is not done and due to the poor management of the waste, inadequate collection and unsuitable
disposal of waste; municipal solid waste systems are responsible for the inappropriate MSWM. The pollutant has been
generated from the dump sites, the people living nearby the dumping sites are getting affected by poor water and air
quality, to over some from this, approaches such as reduction, recycling, reuse and recovery. In developing countries, the
effective solid management is costly, it needs an integrated system that is well organized, socially supported and
sustainable. From the worldwide perception, present waste management is lack of approach, consumption, extraction
and recycling. In some countries, an enormous amount of garbage majorly come from the houses where the household
experiencing low service gap and because to lack of adequate manpower and technical expertise the capability issues have
been developing at the management site. Furthermore, suitable methods of final waste disposal are sanitary landfills. For
reducing the environmental hazardousness, landfill must be well operated, correctly design, sited carefully and before the
disposal treatment, recovery and recycling must be establish. In this study, a critically review the approaches, gap and
solution for municipal solid waste management is discussed. It has concluded from the study that with a proper planning
and implementation of effective methods of waste collection, segregation of waste, its reuse and recycling could help in
decreasing risk of the environmental effects of water, air and soil pollution.