Three Phase Monitoring System

Abstract

The increasing demand for reliable and efficient electrical power distribution has em- phasized the necessity for intelligent monitoring and protection systems. Conventional systems often suffer from limitations such as delayed fault detection, lack of real-time monitoring, minimal automation, and inability to detect unauthorized power usage, which can lead to equipment damage, energy losses, and reduced system reliability. This paper presents an IoT-based three-phase monitoring and protection system designed to con- tinuously observe electrical parameters and ensure safe operation of power distribution networks. The proposed system utilizes voltage and current sensors to measure electrical parameters across all three phases (R, Y, B) and employs an ESP32 microcontroller for real-time data acquisition and processing. The system is capable of identifying various abnormal conditions such as phase failure, overvoltage, undervoltage, short circuit. Upon detection of any fault condition, the system automatically disconnects the load using a relay mechanism to prevent damage to connected equipment. Simultaneously, real-time notifications are transmitted to users through IoT platforms, enabling remote monitoring and quick response. Additionally, the system can be extended to detect irregularities in power consumption, helping to identify potential electricity theft. The proposed solution enhances operational efficiency, improves system reliability, reduces maintenance time, and ensures safety in electrical systems. Its cost-effective and scalable design makes it suitable for industrial, commercial, and residential applications, contributing to the de- velopment of smart and secure power distribution networks.