IoT-Enabled Smart Parking System with Slot Monitoring

Abstract

The rapid increase in vehicle population has created significant parking challenges, leading to congestion and inefficient space utilization. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based smart parking system for real-time slot monitoring in indoor and outdoor environments. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to detect vehicle presence, with an ESP32 microcontroller processing data and transmitting it via Wi-Fi to a cloud-based backend. The backend is developed using Node.js and Express, with MongoDB Atlas for data storage. A web dashboard built using React and Vite provides real- time visualization of parking availability. The system demonstrates reliable detection, real-time updates, and improved parking efficiency, making it a scalable and cost-effective solution for smart parking applications.