Review of Drug Delivery System–Nano-Medicines

Abstract

Nano medicine has revolutionized drug delivery systems (DDS) by utilizing nano particle enhance therapeutic efficacy and targeted drug administration. Nano particles, due to their unique physicochemical properties at the nano scale, play a crucial role in overcoming limitations associated with conventional drug delivery, such as poor solubility, rapid clearance, and non-specific distribution. Various types of nano particles are employed in DDS, including liposomes, polymeric nano particles, dendrimers, solid lipid nano particles, metal-based nano particles (gold, silver, silica), and carbon-based nano particles (nano tubes, fullerenes, graphene oxide). These nano particles facilitate different types of drug delivery systems, such as controlled release, targeted delivery, and stimuli responsive systems.  which ensure precise drug release at the intended site while minimizing systemic toxicity. The synthesis of nano particles can be achieved through multiple methods, including chemical synthesis (Precipitation, sol-gel and polymerization), physical methods (Ultra sonication) and biological approaches (green synthesis using plant or microbial extracts). Advancements in nano technology-driven drug delivery hold immense potential for improving therapeutic outcomes, particularly in cancer treatment, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. Further research is required to optimize nano particle design, enhance biocompatibility, and develope scalable synthesis methods for clinical applications.