Smart Temperature Regulation Using Phase Change Materials and Arduino-Based Sensing

Abstract

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 40-50% of total energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings, with conventional systems operating at fixed setpoints regardless of dynamic environmental conditions. This inefficiency leads to excessive energy use and increased carbon emissions. This paper presents a novel smart temperature regulation system that combines Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage with an Arduino-based IoT controller for adaptive climate control. Focusing on residential buildings and classroom environments, our system integrates microencapsulated bio-based PCMs within building materials, coupled with real-time environmental sensors and machine learning algorithms for predictive thermal
management. The prototype demonstrates a 35-45% reduction in HVAC energy consumption while maintaining optimal thermal comfort, verified through experimental testing in controlled chamber environments. The system's modular design allows for seamless integration with existing HVAC infrastructure, offering a cost-effective pathway toward sustainable building operations.