Algabri, Hayder Kareem, Hayder Al-Ghanimi, and K G Kharade. “Multimodal Foundation Models: Architectures, Challenges, and Applications”. International Journal on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering 15, no. 2 (August 18, 2026): 142–156. Accessed September 6, 2026. https://journals.mriindia.com/index.php/ijacte/article/view/4012.